The Wikimedia Foundation, which manages Wikipedia, failed in its court challenge against sections of the United Kingdom's Online Safety Act but was given permission to challenge any decision that would impose the strictest regulations on its operations.
The controversial legislation imposes stringent requirements on internet platforms and has drawn criticism from those who fear it could restrict freedom of speech.
The Online Safety Act, or OSA, aims to shield children and remove illegal content from online, yet critics worry it could undermine anonymity, privacy, and open collaboration, values that are central to how Wikipedia operates.
For several months, UK communications regulator Ofcom has conducted risk assessments to classify websites into three tiers: category 1, 2A, and 2B, with category 1 requiring the most stringent regulations.
The Wikimedia Foundation does not want to be designated a category 1 provider and took the legal action, citing concerns about meeting compliance as a non-profit organization.
The High Court in London dismissed the Wikimedia Foundation's judicial challenge on Monday, ruling that Wikipedia is allowed to be classified as a category 1 provider by the UK communications regulator Ofcom, when it makes its decision later this summer.
But a high court judge granted Wikipedia's operator permission to challenge the new law if Ofcom does go ahead and categorize it as a high-risk platform.
Wikipedia stated, it "would face huge challenges to meet the large technological and staffing needs" that would be required to fulfil the obligations of a category 1 provider, which include user-verification requirements, robust protections for users, and consistent reporting obligations aimed at blocking the spread of harmful content.
Wikipedia could potentially avoid being designated as a category 1 provider if it proactively limits its UK user base, or functionalities, so that it no longer meets the act's threshold criteria, reported The Guardian newspaper.
But Wikipedia estimated it would need to reduce UK access by 75 percent to avoid category 1 classification, which applies to large user-to-user platforms using algorithmic recommendations.
Unlike similar platforms including Facebook, X, and Instagram, Wikipedia argues its charitable status and user-directed content model sets it apart.
Reuters reported that although Wikipedia lost the challenge, the judge warned against implementing rules that would significantly hamper its operations, and said further challenges may be possible if Ofcom improperly classifies the site.
The judge, Justice Jeremy Johnson, acknowledged the site "provides significant value for freedom of speech and expression" and he clarified that his decision was not "a green light to implement a regime that would significantly impede Wikipedia's operations".
He ruled any category 1 classification must be "justified as proportionate if it were not to amount to a breach of the right to freedom of expression", but said it would be "premature" to decide before Ofcom's determination.
Should Wikipedia face operational difficulties under category 1, Johnson advised Technology Secretary Peter Kyle consider regulation amendments or exemptions, and said Wikipedia could bring a further challenge if he did not.
jonathan@mail.chinadailyuk.com
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